JOURNAL WRITINGS
PHILIPPINE HISTORY
INTRODUCTION:
Most people including many Filipinos believe that Philippine history began with the arrival of Ferdinand Magellan,(a Portuguese explorer on the 17th March 1521) .As we known that Magellan’s expedition of 1519–1522 became the first expedition to sail from the Atlantic Ocean into the Pacific Ocean (then named “peaceful sea” by Magellan; the passage being made via the Strait of Magellan), and the first to cross the Pacific. It also completed the first circumnavigation of the Earth, although Magellan himself did not complete the entire voyage, being killed during the Battle of Mactan in the Philippines. For background see Exploration of the Pacific.
Good things about teachers!!!
Basic Rule. | The basic rule states that a singular subject takes a singular verb, while a plural subject takes a plural verb.
NOTE: The trick is in knowing whether the subject is singular or plural. The next trick is recognizing a singular or plural verb. |
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Hint: Verbs do not form their plurals by adding an s as nouns do. In order to determine which verb is singular and which one is plural, think of which verb you would use with he or she and which verb you would use with they. | ||
Example: | talks, talk Which one is the singular form? Which word would you use with he? We say, “He talks.” Therefore, talks is singular. We say, “They talk.” Therefore, talk is plural. |
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NOTE: Apparently, the SAT testing service considers none as a singular word only. However, according to Merriam Webster’s Dictionary of English Usage, “Clearly none has been both singular and plural since Old English and still is. The notion that it is singular only is a myth of unknown origin that appears to have arisen in the 19th century. If in context it seems like a singular to you, use a singular verb; if it seems like a plural, use a plural verb. Both are acceptable beyond serious criticism” (p. 664). |
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PART OF SPEECH
PARTS OF SPEECH
1. NOUN-A noun is the name of a person, place, thing, idea, or quality.
Examples: John, Mary, boy, girl, children; Pasadena, CEC; classrooms, notebooks; freedom, intelligence; hope, anger, joy
2. PRONOUN-A pronoun is usually a substitute for a noun. The noun is called the “antecedent” (but an indefinite pronoun has no antecedent).
Examples:
a. Personal pronouns: I, mine, me; you, yours; he, his, him; she, hers, her; it, its; we, ours, us; they, theirs, them.
b. Interrogative pronouns: who, whose, whom, which, what
c. Relative pronouns (include): who, who, whose, which, that; whoever, whomever, whichever
d. Demonstrative pronouns: this, that, these, those
e. Indefinite pronouns (include): all, another, any, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, many, neither, nobody, no one, none, one, others, some, somebody, someone, such
f. Intensive or reflexive pronouns: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, themselves
3. VERB-A verb expresses an action or a condition (a state of being).
Examples: Robert will eat the hamburger. (action) Sara is happy. (condition or state of being)
Robert won’t eat the hamburger. Sara isn’t happy.
Will Robert eat the hamburger? Is Sara happy?
4. ADVERB – An adverb describes a verb, adjective, or other adverb. Adverbs usually tell how (for example: slowly), when (e.g., lately), where (e.g., there), how much (e.g., very), or why (e.g., therefore).
Example: He always chews his gum loudly.
5. ADJECTIVE-An adjective describes or limits a noun.
Examples: tall, young, pretty, light, blue, new, white (The tall, young, pretty girl is wearing a light blue dress with her new white shoes.) (NOT: …a light dress blue with her new shoes white.)
Adjectives and adverbs have three degrees of comparison: positive, comparative, superlative. Examples:
Mary has a smart child. Sara has a smarter child. Nancy has the smartest child.
Robert is an intelligent student. William is more intelligent than Robert. Kim is the most intelligent student.
The red car is expensive. The white car is less expensive. The blue car is the least expensive.
I’m a good painter. She’s a better painter. He’s the best painter.
I’m a bad singer. She’s a worse singer. He’s the worst singer
6. PREPOSITION
A preposition usually shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another part of a sentence.
There are many prepositions, including: about, above, across, after, against, along, among, around, as, at, before, behind, below, beneath, between, beyond, beside, besides, by, down, during, except, from, for, in, inside, into, like, near, next, of, off, on, out, out of, outside, over, past, round, since, than, through, till, to, toward, towards, under, underneath, unless, until, upon, up, with, within, without.
Examples: My pencil is under my desk by my foot. Martha drove from LA to NY.
7. CONJUNCTION
A conjunction connects words, phrases, and clauses.
Coordinate conjunctions connect words, phrases, and clauses of equal value: and, or, nor, but (and sometimes for). e.g., The dog and the cat are hungry.
Correlative conjunctions occur in pairs: both-and, either-or, neither-nor, not only-but also. e.g., Both the fish and the snake are thirsty.
Subordinate conjunctions connect unequal clauses (dependent clauses with independent clauses). They include: after, although, as, because, before, if, since, than, though, unless, until, when, where, while. e.g., After they ate, they had dessert.
8. INTERJECTION
An interjection is a word that expresses feeling or emotion; usually it is followed by an exclamation mark.
Examples: Oh! Ah! Wow! Darn! Gosh! Golly! Gee! Ow! Ouch! Yikes! Holy moly! Yippee! Hooray! Boo! Whew!
IRREGULAR VERBS
Base Form | Past Simple | Past Participle | 3rd Person Singular | Present Participle / Gerund |
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Abide | Abode/Abided | Abode/Abided/Abidden | Abides | Abiding |
Alight | Alit/Alighted | Alit/Alighted | Alights | Alighting |
Arise | Arose | Arisen | Arises | Arising |
Awake | Awoke | Awoken | Awakes | Awaking |
Be | Was/Were | Been | Is | Being |
Bear | Bore | Born/Borne | Bears | Bearing |
Beat | Beat | Beaten | Beats | Beating |
Become | Became | Become | Becomes | Becoming |
Begin | Began | Begun | Begins | Beginning |
Behold | Beheld | Beheld | Beholds | Beholding |
Bend | Bent | Bent | Bends | Bending |
Bet | Bet | Bet | Bets | Betting |
Bid | Bade | Bidden | Bids | Bidding |
Bid | Bid | Bid | Bids | Bidding |
Bind | Bound | Bound | Binds | Binding |
Bite | Bit | Bitten | Bites | Biting |
Bleed | Bled | Bled | Bleeds | Bleeding |
Blow | Blew | Blown | Blows | Blowing |
Break | Broke | Broken | Breaks | Breaking |
Breed | Bred | Bred | Breeds | Breeding |
Bring | Brought | Brought | Brings | Bringing |
Broadcast | Broadcast/Broadcasted | Broadcast/Broadcasted | Broadcasts | Broadcasting |
Build | Built | Built | Builds | Building |
Burn | Burnt/Burned | Burnt/Burned | Burns | Burning |
Burst | Burst | Burst | Bursts | Bursting |
Bust | Bust | Bust | Busts | Busting |
Buy | Bought | Bought | Buys | Buying |
Cast | Cast | Cast | Casts | Casting |
Catch | Caught | Caught | Catches | Catching |
Choose | Chose | Chosen | Chooses | Choosing |
Clap | Clapped/Clapt | Clapped/Clapt | Claps | Clapping |
Cling | Clung | Clung | Clings | Clinging |
Clothe | Clad/Clothed | Clad/Clothed | Clothes | Clothing |
Come | Came | Come | Comes | Coming |
Cost | Cost | Cost | Costs | Costing |
Creep | Crept | Crept | Creeps | Creeping |
Cut | Cut | Cut | Cuts | Cutting |
Dare | Dared/Durst | Dared | Dares | Daring |
Deal | Dealt | Dealt | Deals | Dealing |
Dig | Dug | Dug | Digs | Digging |
Dive | Dived/Dove | Dived | Dives | Diving |
Do | Did | Done | Does | Doing |
Draw | Drew | Drawn | Draws | Drawing |
Dream | Dreamt/Dreamed | Dreamt/Dreamed | Dreams | Dreaming |
Drink | Drank | Drunk | Drinks | Drinking |
Drive | Drove | Driven | Drives | Driving |
Dwell | Dwelt | Dwelt | Dwells | Dwelling |
Eat | Ate | Eaten | Eats | Eating |
Fall | Fell | Fallen | Falls | Falling |
Feed | Fed | Fed | Feeds | Feeding |
Feel | Felt | Felt | Feels | Feeling |
Fight | Fought | Fought | Fights | Fighting |
Find | Found | Found | Finds | Finding |
Fit | Fit/Fitted | Fit/Fitted | Fits | Fitting |
Flee | Fled | Fled | Flees | Fleeing |
Fling | Flung | Flung | Flings | Flinging |
Fly | Flew | Flown | Flies | Flying |
Forbid | Forbade/Forbad | Forbidden | Forbids | Forbidding |
Forecast | Forecast/Forecasted | Forecast/Forecasted | Forecasts | Forecasting |
Foresee | Foresaw | Foreseen | Foresees | Foreseeing |
Foretell | Foretold | Foretold | Foretells | Foretelling |
Forget | Forgot | Forgotten | Forgets | Foregetting |
Forgive | Forgave | Forgiven | Forgives | Forgiving |
Forsake | Forsook | Forsaken | Forsakes | Forsaking |
Freeze | Froze | Frozen | Freezes | Freezing |
Frostbite | Frostbit | Frostbitten | Frostbites | Frostbiting |
Get | Got | Got/Gotten | Gets | Getting |
Give | Gave | Given | Gives | Giving |
Go | Went | Gone/Been | Goes | Going |
Grind | Ground | Ground | Grinds | Grinding |
Grow | Grew | Grown | Grows | Growing |
Handwrite | Handwrote | Handwritten | Handwrites | Handwriting |
Hang | Hung/Hanged | Hung/Hanged | Hangs | Hanging |
Have | Had | Had | Has | Having |
Hear | Heard | Heard | Hears | Hearing |
Hide | Hid | Hidden | Hides | Hiding |
Hit | Hit | Hit | Hits | Hitting |
Hold | Held | Held | Holds | Holding |
Hurt | Hurt | Hurt | Hurts | Hurting |
Inlay | Inlaid | Inlaid | Inlays | Inlaying |
Input | Input/Inputted | Input/Inputted | Inputs | Inputting |
Interlay | Interlaid | Interlaid | Interlays | Interlaying |
Keep | Kept | Kept | Keeps | Keeping |
Kneel | Knelt/Kneeled | Knelt/Kneeled | Kneels | Kneeling |
Knit | Knit/Knitted | Knit/Knitted | Knits | Knitting |
Know | Knew | Known | Knows | Knowing |
Lay | Laid | Laid | Lays | laying |
Lead | Led | Led | Leads | Leading |
Lean | Leant/Leaned | Leant/Leaned | Leans | Leaning |
Leap | Leapt/Leaped | Leapt/Leaped | Leaps | Leaping |
Learn | Learnt/Learned | Learnt/Learned | Learns | Learning |
Leave | Left | Left | Leaves | Leaving |
Lend | Lent | Lent | Lends | Lending |
Let | Let | Let | Lets | Letting |
Lie | Lay | Lain | Lies | Lying |
Light | Lit | Lit | Lights | Lighting |
Lose | Lost | Lost | Loses | Losing |
Make | Made | Made | Makes | Making |
Mean | Meant | Meant | Means | Meaning |
Meet | Met | Met | Meets | Meeting |
Melt | Melted | Molten/Melted | Melts | Melting |
Mislead | Misled | Misled | Misleads | Misleading |
Mistake | Mistook | Mistaken | Mistakes | Mistaking |
Misunderstand | Misunderstood | Misunderstood | Misunderstands | Misunderstanding |
Miswed | Miswed/Miswedded | Miswed/Miswedded | Misweds | Miswedding |
Mow | Mowed | Mown | Mows | Mowing |
Overdraw | Overdrew | Overdrawn | Overdraws | Overdrawing |
Overhear | Overheard | Overheard | Overhears | Overhearing |
Overtake | Overtook | Overtaken | Overtakes | Overtaking |
Pay | Paid | Paid | Pays | Paying |
Preset | Preset | Preset | Presets | Presetting |
Prove | Proved | Proven/Proved | Proves | Proving |
Put | Put | Put | Puts | Putting |
Quit | Quit | Quit | Quits | Quitting |
Re-prove | Re-proved | Re-proven/Re-proved | Re-proves | Re-proving |
Read | Read | Read | Reads | Reading |
Rid | Rid/Ridded | Rid/Ridded | Rids | Ridding |
Ride | Rode | Ridden | Rides | Riding |
Ring | Rang | Rung | Rings | Ringing |
Rise | Rose | Risen | Rises | Rising |
Rive | Rived | Riven/Rived | Rives | Riving |
Run | Ran | Run | Runs | Running |
Saw | Sawed | Sawn/Sawed | Saws | Sawing |
Say | Said | Said | Says | Saying |
See | Saw | Seen | Sees | Seeing |
Seek | Sought | Sought | Seeks | Seeking |
Sell | Sold | Sold | Sells | Selling |
Send | Sent | Sent | Sends | Sending |
Set | Set | Set | Sets | Setting |
Sew | Sewed | Sewn/Sewed | Sews | Sewing |
Shake | Shook | Shaken | Shakes | Shaking |
Shave | Shaved | Shaven/Shaved | Shaves | Shaving |
Shear | Shore/Sheared | Shorn/Sheared | Shears | Shearing |
Shed | Shed | Shed | Sheds | Shedding |
Shine | Shone | Shone | Shines | Shining |
Shoe | Shod | Shod | Shoes | Shoeing |
Shoot | Shot | Shot | Shoots | Shooting |
Show | Showed | Shown | Shows | Showing |
Shrink | Shrank | Shrunk | Shrinks | Shrinking |
Shut | Shut | Shut | Shuts | Shutting |
Sing | Sang | Sung | Sings | Singing |
Sink | Sank | Sunk | Sinks | Sinking |
Sit | Sat | Sat | Sits | Sitting |
Slay | Slew | Slain | Slays | Slaying |
Sleep | Slept | Slept | Sleeps | Sleeping |
Slide | Slid | Slid/Slidden | Slides | Sliding |
Sling | Slung | Slung | Slings | Slinging |
Slink | Slunk | Slunk | Slinks | Slinking |
Slit | Slit | Slit | Slits | Slitting |
Smell | Smelt/Smelled | Smelt/Smelled | Smells | Smelling |
Sneak | Sneaked/Snuck | Sneaked/Snuck | Sneaks | Sneaking |
Soothsay | Soothsaid | Soothsaid | Soothsays | Soothsaying |
Sow | Sowed | Sown | Sows | Sowing |
Speak | Spoke | Spoken | Speaks | Speaking |
Speed | Sped/Speeded | Sped/Speeded | Speeds | Speeding |
Spell | Spelt/Spelled | Spelt/Spelled | Spells | Spelling |
Spend | Spent | Spent | Spends | Spending |
Spill | Spilt/Spilled | Spilt/Spilled | Spills | Spilling |
Spin | Span/Spun | Spun | Spins | Spinning |
Spit | Spat/Spit | Spat/Spit | Spits | Spitting |
Split | Split | Split | Splits | Splitting |
Spoil | Spoilt/Spoiled | Spoilt/Spoiled | Spoils | Spoiling |
Spread | Spread | Spread | Spreads | Spreading |
Spring | Sprang | Sprung | Springs | Springing |
Stand | Stood | Stood | Stands | Standing |
Steal | Stole | Stolen | Steals | Stealing |
Stick | Stuck | Stuck | Sticks | Sticking |
Sting | Stung | Stung | Stings | Stinging |
Stink | Stank | Stunk | Stinks | Stinking |
Stride | Strode/Strided | Stridden | Strides | Striding |
Strike | Struck | Struck/Stricken | Strikes | Striking |
String | Strung | Strung | Strings | Stringing |
Strip | Stript/Stripped | Stript/Stripped | Strips | Stripping |
Strive | Strove | Striven | Strives | Striving |
Sublet | Sublet | Sublet | Sublets | Subletting |
Sunburn | Sunburned/Sunburnt | Sunburned/Sunburnt | Sunburns | Sunburning |
Swear | Swore | Sworn | Swears | Swearing |
Sweat | Sweat/Sweated | Sweat/Sweated | Sweats | Sweating |
Sweep | Swept/Sweeped | Swept/Sweeped | Sweeps | Sweeping |
Swell | Swelled | Swollen | Swells | Swelling |
Swim | Swam | Swum | Swims | Swimming |
Swing | Swung | Swung | Swings | Swinging |
Take | Took | Taken | Takes | Taking |
Teach | Taught | Taught | Teaches | Teaching |
Tear | Tore | Torn | Tears | Tearing |
Tell | Told | Told | Tells | Telling |
Think | Thought | Thought | Thinks | Thinking |
Thrive | Throve/Thrived | Thriven/Thrived | Thrives | Thriving |
Throw | Threw | Thrown | Throws | Throwing |
Thrust | Thrust | Thrust | Thrusts | Thrusting |
Tread | Trod | Trodden | Treads | Treading |
Undergo | Underwent | Undergone | Undergoes | Undergoing |
Understand | Understood | Understood | Understands | Understanding |
Undertake | Undertook | Undertaken | Undertakes | Undertaking |
Upset | Upset | Upset | Upsets | Upsetting |
Vex | Vext/Vexed | Vext/Vexed | Vexes | Vexing |
Wake | Woke | Woken | Wakes | Waking |
Wear | Wore | Worn | Wears | Wearing |
Weave | Wove | Woven | Weaves | Weaving |
Wed | Wed/Wedded | Wed/Wedded | Weds | Wedding |
Weep | Wept | Wept | Weeps | Weeping |
Wend | Wended/Went | Wended/Went | Wends | Wending |
Wet | Wet/Wetted | Wet/Wetted | Wets | Wetting |
Win | Won | Won | Wins | Winning |
Wind | Wound | Wound | Winds | Winding |
Withdraw | Withdrew | Withdrawn | Withdraws | Withdrawing |
Withhold | Withheld | Withheld | Withholds | Withholding |
Withstand | Withstood | Withstood | Withstands | Withstanding |
Wring | Wrung | Wrung | Wrings | Wringing |
Write | Wrote | Written | Writes | Writing |
Zinc | Zinced/Zincked | Zinced/Zincked | Zincs | Zincking |